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J Chest Surg

Published online October 22, 2024

Copyright © Journal of Chest Surgery.

Recommendation for Clinical T Staging in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Volumetric Measurement: A Retrospective Study from Turkey

Muhammet Sayan , M.D., Aykut Kankoc , M.D., Muhammet Tarik Aslan , M.D., Irmak Akarsu , M.D., İsmail Cuneyt Kurul , M.D., Ali Celik , M.D.

Department of Thoracic Surgery, Gazi University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey

Correspondence to:Muhammet Sayan
Tel 90-3122025890
Fax 90-3122026506
E-mail muhammets@gazi.edu.tr
ORCID
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5402-9031

This paper was presented at the 12th National Turkish Thoracic Surgery Society Congress in Turkey in 2023.

Received: May 8, 2024; Revised: July 8, 2024; Accepted: July 23, 2024

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Background: Currently, clinical T staging in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is based on the largest radiological diameter observed on computed tomography (CT). Under this system, tumors with varying shapes—such as spherical, amorphous, or spiculated tumors— can be assigned the same T stage even with different volumes. We aimed to propose a 3-dimensional (3D) volumetric staging system for NSCLC as an alternative to diameter-based T staging and to conduct comparative survival analyses between these methods.
Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data from patients who underwent surgery for pT1-4N0M0 primary NSCLC between January 2018 and May 2022. Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine data from patient CT scans were uploaded to 3D Slicer software for volumetric tumor measurement. Using the paired samples t-test or the Wilcoxon test, we compared the expected tumor volumes, calculated by tumor diameter, with the actual volumes measured by 3D Slicer. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was employed to determine the cut-off value for tumor volume. Kaplan-Meier analysis was utilized to assess overall survival, while the log-rank method was applied to compare survival differences between groups. The significance of changes in T stage was evaluated using the marginal homogeneity test.
Results: The study included 136 patients. Significant differences were observed between expected and actual tumor volumes (p=0.01), and associated changes in T stage were also significant (p=0.04). The survival analysis performed using tumor volume (p=0.009) yielded superior results compared to that based on diameter (p=0.04) in paients with early tumor stage.
Conclusion: T-factor staging based on tumor volume could represent an alternative staging method for NSCLC.

Keywords: Non-small-cell lung carcinoma, 8th edition TNM, Tumor volume, 3D-Slicer

Article

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J Chest Surg

Published online October 22, 2024

Copyright © Journal of Chest Surgery.

Recommendation for Clinical T Staging in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Volumetric Measurement: A Retrospective Study from Turkey

Muhammet Sayan , M.D., Aykut Kankoc , M.D., Muhammet Tarik Aslan , M.D., Irmak Akarsu , M.D., İsmail Cuneyt Kurul , M.D., Ali Celik , M.D.

Department of Thoracic Surgery, Gazi University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey

Correspondence to:Muhammet Sayan
Tel 90-3122025890
Fax 90-3122026506
E-mail muhammets@gazi.edu.tr
ORCID
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5402-9031

This paper was presented at the 12th National Turkish Thoracic Surgery Society Congress in Turkey in 2023.

Received: May 8, 2024; Revised: July 8, 2024; Accepted: July 23, 2024

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Background: Currently, clinical T staging in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is based on the largest radiological diameter observed on computed tomography (CT). Under this system, tumors with varying shapes—such as spherical, amorphous, or spiculated tumors— can be assigned the same T stage even with different volumes. We aimed to propose a 3-dimensional (3D) volumetric staging system for NSCLC as an alternative to diameter-based T staging and to conduct comparative survival analyses between these methods.
Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data from patients who underwent surgery for pT1-4N0M0 primary NSCLC between January 2018 and May 2022. Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine data from patient CT scans were uploaded to 3D Slicer software for volumetric tumor measurement. Using the paired samples t-test or the Wilcoxon test, we compared the expected tumor volumes, calculated by tumor diameter, with the actual volumes measured by 3D Slicer. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was employed to determine the cut-off value for tumor volume. Kaplan-Meier analysis was utilized to assess overall survival, while the log-rank method was applied to compare survival differences between groups. The significance of changes in T stage was evaluated using the marginal homogeneity test.
Results: The study included 136 patients. Significant differences were observed between expected and actual tumor volumes (p=0.01), and associated changes in T stage were also significant (p=0.04). The survival analysis performed using tumor volume (p=0.009) yielded superior results compared to that based on diameter (p=0.04) in paients with early tumor stage.
Conclusion: T-factor staging based on tumor volume could represent an alternative staging method for NSCLC.

Keywords: Non-small-cell lung carcinoma, 8th edition TNM, Tumor volume, 3D-Slicer

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